نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 57 (زمستان 1398)

Nowadays, due to the rapid and unforeseen growth of industries inmetropolitan areas, industrial sites, and urban regions have become closely connected. This matter has brought up several complications such as physical challenges, environmental pollution, and social anomalies, to name a few. One solution can be to take into account the mutual effects of industrial sites and urban areas form a strategic point of view. This paper studies District 21 of Tehran as one of the most industrial areas of the city, which is facing many problems in the field of urban management due to a large number of closely located industrial sites and a lack of homogeneity of industrial uses. The main objective of this study is to provide key strategies for the organization of industries and manufacturers in order to achieve a solution for the coexistence of industrial sites in urban areas by the means of strategic planning. This is done by analyzing the current situation in District 21 of Tehran based on conflicting industrial sites and manufacturers. In this research descriptive analytics has been used with the main object of practicality. The technique used for data analysis is the hybrid AHP-SWOT model. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the existing structure of the mentioned district in terms of its industries and manufacturers is focused on internal strengths and external threats. Therefore, in planning the organization of conflicting industries and manufacturers of District 21, the emphasis must be on diversification(contingency) strategies that are based on using existing strengths to deal with threats with the goal of maximizing said strengths and minimizing threats.

The present paper analyzes the role of community-based management in improving social capital and participation of local stakeholders in projects and programs, in the process of sustainable rural development of rural in Baneh County. This study has been done by using a quantitative-survey method and questionnaire. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between effective and impressionable indicators. In other words, although “community-based management” guarantees the improvement of social capital and the productive participation of local stakeholders in rural development plans and programs, in the process of sustainable rural development, but the formation of management based on a “government-based” and “bottom-up” approach has resulted to passive participation in the study area and has failed to promote social awareness, social cohesion, social organization, social networking, social trust and social participation in the process of sustainable rural development. Therefore, it needs to change the rural management system’s approach, shift the status of imperfect and centralized management into participatory and decentralization management, Consider the effective factors in formatting community-based management in improving social capital in the process of sustainable rural development

The present study aims to measure the status of professional ethics based on the districts of Isfahan from the viewpoint of citizens. The research method is combined (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative section, qualitative content analysis method of conventional type including open and axial coding was used; and the statistical population consisted of 91 municipal managers of Isfahan among whom 15 were purposefully interviewed. In the quantitative section, data collection was descriptive and survey type; and, using the results of the qualitative method of the first stage, the criteria of professional ethics were obtained through findings of the interview and then a researcher-made questionnaire of professional ethics was developed. To answer the questions, one-sample t-test, Friedman test, and Pearson correlation coefficient test were used. The results showed that the average professional ethics in all districts of Isfahan Municipality, except for District 5, is at an average level. Application of professional ethics criteria in urban management measures is at a favorable level. From the citizens’ point of view, the priorities of observing the subscales were moral solution, recognizing moral issues, norms and values, trying to implement ethics, and effective factors and conditions.

Rule of law is a multi aspect, complex and developing theory that during the fluctuation of history from ancient Greece until today have been exposed with variety concept and conceptions. Once it has been defined as the equity before the law and also sometimes it has been introduced against the monarchy. In concept analysis of rule of law the best situation that can be imagined is “achieving to get lowest level of agreement on initial meaning of this term (rule of law instead of monarchy)”, but the conception of this term is more comprehensive and the opportunity of proposing the variety political, philosophy and legal theories by the other components is provided. Totally the conception of rule of law can be divided in formal conception and substantive conception. The most important specialty of formal conception of rule of law is the restricting the authorities of rulers by the law and applying the legality, though the substantive conception of rule of law in addition to above restrictions, requires the law to consider about some substantive specialties. Emphasis on moralities and adjusting the laws with the values such as justice, liberty and democracy is completely obvious in this conception. In this paper with the brief explanation about the history and concept of rule of law we intend to do more precise investigation about the elements of formal conception and substantive conception and what are the differences between these elements. Sovereignty of religious law also means the sovereignty of divine law over the people. This paper intends to survey the relationship between Sovereignty of religious law and rule of law in Islamic state

The underground metro network consists of a set of pauses and movements spaces. Stations are paused spaces and tunnels are subway networks. At present, in some metropolitan areas, it seems that citizens are more familiar with the metro network map in order to reach their destination, and the zero-city level map of the city is not very tangible for them. It is possible to strengthen the perceptual power of subway users by indexing subway stations. Indexing of some stations can create a good cognitive-perceptual map in the mind of the citizen so that they can use the underground transportation network frequently and have a correct understanding of the zero space network of the city. Cognitive-perceptual map is a tool that shows the degree of ease of understanding of the city for each citizen. The historical landscape of each city, due to its identity, can create significant points in the mind of the citizen. This makes it possible to understand the spatial coordinates of the city despite the shift in the underground network. So far, only the cognitive-perceptual map of the city has been proposed in the literature of urban design. In this research, identity-cognitive map is mentioned as a new keyword in urban design vocabulary. In this way, the problem of lost sense of belonging and identity of the underground urban spaces can be solved to some extent. In this research, by comparative analyses method of “case-based”, in two metropolises of Tehran and Berlin, the level of attention to the historical urban landscape in understanding the city map in designing metro networks and stations (through analysis of existing maps and field surveys) is determined. In this study, the relationship between the historical urban landscape and the network of underground metro stations of the two cities has been determined. The results show that although in terms of network status and spatial quality, Berlin stations are superior to Tehran But in terms of urban graphics, Tehran is superior to Berlin. In both cases the identification of identity cognitive maps, both in terms of network design and station design, lack of compliance with the historical perspective and the vacuum of comprehensive basics of the subject is noticeable.